Soil pH · Cation Exchange
unseel.com · clay colloid · exchangeable acidity · leaching
Ideal pH 6.5
Toxic below pH 5.5 (Al³⁺)
phase
H⁺ ion
Al³⁺ ion
Ca²⁺ base
K⁺ base
Clay/humus colloid
Unseel.com · Soil pH Chemistry