Speleothem Formation · Dripping Into Stone
unseel.com · CO₂ degassing · calcite precipitation · karst chemistry
Net Ca²⁺ + 2HCO₃⁻ ⇌ CaCO₃↓ + CO₂↑ + H₂O
Growth 0.1–1 mm/yr
phase
Drip water
Bicarbonate HCO₃⁻
CO₂ degassing
Calcite CaCO₃
Ca²⁺ ion
Unseel.com · Speleothem Formation